Generating swelling pressure in multiphasic materials

[BehPour]

Dear Gerard,

One method to generate the swelling pressure as previously suggested is to add the FCD and counter ions including monovalent ions. In this way swelling in a triphasic material can be simulated successfully. My question is about the possibility of using more than two counter ions (multiphasic approach) in order to generate the swelling pressure.


Kind regards,

Behdad

[ateshian]

Dear Behdad,

Yes, it is possible to generate a swelling pressure with multiple (and multivalent) ions, e.g., Na+, K+, Cl- and SO4(2-). FEBio should be able to handle such cases.

Best,

Gerard